クラスメートはオレのヨメ！ ; 同級生は俺の嫁！ ; The Classmate is My Bride!
Comedy, Ecchi, Harem, Romance, School Life, Seinen, Slice of Life
27
1
8
December 18, 2023
Yuuichi a new college student Kissed accidentally Sawako in a party for University student and with?Misunderstanding to another it gave birth to suddenly a MARRIAGE, but the interesting part is the surprising growing relationship between the two classmates! , The latest work of KOTONO Wakako picturing the life of a sweet couple.
Spiral Suiri No Kizuna ; Spiral - Suiri no Kizuna; Spiral : Les liens du raisonnement; Spiral: Bonds of Reasoning; Spiral: Lines of Reasoning; Spiral: Suiri no Kizuna; Thám tử kì tài; スパイラル 推理の絆; 推理之绊
Drama, Mystery, School Life, Shounen, Tragedy
38
1
4
December 18, 2023
Two years ago, the famous detective Narumi Kiyotaka disappeared, leaving behind only the words, "I am pursuing the mystery of the Blade Children." Now, his younger brother Ayumu is accused of murdering a fellow student, and begins to discover people with connections to the Blade Children all around him. The Blade Children were born cursed, and Ayumu may be the only key to saving them, but first they want to test him, by trying to kill him with everything they've got. All the while, it seems that Kiyotaka is manipulating events for his own unknown purposes.
- From AnimeNewsNetwork
Ongoing
Belief & Sex; Belief and Sex; それが彼女のセイギなら; 如果这是她家的兴趣; 情色女作家的正義; Credenza e sesso
Comedy, Ecchi, Harem, Romance, School Life, Seinen, Shounen
67
1
8
December 18, 2023
After his happy-go-lucky lovestruck parents suddenly decide to go on an amorous traveling adventure, Yuki is shuffled off to live with one of his dad's old friends. He knows very little about his new living circumstances, save that his dad's friend is an author with three children.
Something seems a little off about the girl who's sent to meet him, the fidgety and overly anxious Aya, but he doesn't fully understand what's going on until he arrives at the house. Yuki, who has had very little to do with women thus far in his life, is now set to live in a house with four of them. The head of the house is actually an author of erotic novels, and she habitually forces her three daughters into embarrassing sexual situations. How will Yuki cope with his new life?
Crossdressin, Drama, Harem, Historical, Mature, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Slice of Life, Tragedy
51
1
15
December 18, 2023
In 18th century England, Gabriel, an orphan girl from a fallen noble family befriended a young man named Jeremy, who was rumored to be an illegitimate child of a nobleman. After an incident occurred, resulting in his tragic death, Gabriel must impersonate her friend Jeremy, taking his place at an all boys academy for nobles, a place that may seem like heaven to others, but really hides a harshness which she would never have imagined.
Drama, Romance, School Life, Shounen, Slice of Life, Webtoons
28
1
7
December 18, 2023
Day after day, honor student Hwang Dong Wook gets called out by the bullies in his class to serve as their punching bag. Day after day, the last-ranked student Choi Yool is shunned by her classmates because of her beauty and her grades. As it happens, the sullen boy and the carefree girl sit next to each other in class. When the top student is asked to lure her into the bullies dirty schemes, their lives take an unexpected turn... From mangaupdates
Dự Án Đào Tạo Hot boy; Her Idol Boy; Megane Danshi Shinkasetsu; Mi Shounen Produce; คนหล่อขอแต่งเฟี้ยว; 少年改造計劃; 少年改造计划; 明日少年计划; 未少年プロデュース; 眼鏡男子進化説
Comedy, Romance, School Life, Shoujo
37
1
8
December 18, 2023
It's the start of high school, and Kako decides to "produce" her bookworm of a childhood friend, Kousei, so that he can become a good-looking and popular school idol. She models him after Lawrence, a character in a manga she likes, but as Kousei's transformation becomes a huge success and he extends his new character beyond what she asks for, what will Kako do? Will she find herself left behind in the wake of his newly found popularity?
鬼灯さん家のアネキ（＋妹） ; Hoozuki-san Chi no Aneki +Imouto ; Hoozuki-san Chi no Aneki Plus Imouto
Comedy, Mature, School Life, Seinen, Slice of Life
23
1
15
December 18, 2023
The 4-koma crack comedy is back, and this time around Gorou's crush on his sadistic, older stepsister Haru has reached the stage where more or less openly sexual innuendos have become part of their everyday life.
The pair's "peaceful" days would have continued if only it weren't for Haru's cousin Aoi-chan and (dangerously?) younger sister-like existence.
Action, Comedy, Drama, Romance, School Life, Shounen, Supernatural
25
1
5
December 18, 2023
Tsugawa Tatsuya just lost his parents in an accident... but he's trying not to let that keep him too down as he starts high school. While trying to obey his father's final wish for him to become an upstanding man, he ends up helping a girl who was being bullied. Despite her exceedingly cold nature, he just can't leave her alone... which may not necessarily be to his benefit, as he ends up getting wrapped up in a world where things like parasitic mind-controlling bugs exist...
Kiss of the Rose Princess; Nụ hôn của công chúa tường vi; Поцелуй принцессы Роз; จุมพิตเจ้าหญิงกุหลาบ; 蔷薇公主之吻; 蔷薇公主的KISS; 蔷薇千金之吻; 薔薇嬢のキス; 장미양의 KISS; 장미양의 키스
Most girls are crazy about jewelry, but not Anis Yamamoto. Not since her father gave her a rose choker as a child, claiming it was a protective amulet which would safeguard her from harm; however, if she ever took it off (a feat easier said than done!), she would be afflicted by a “punishment” of some sort. Not like it matters to her though, since the attention it attracts around school from faculty and students alike isn’t something she’s particularly fond of. But after a certain incident causes the choker to disappear, she realizes that this punishment her father spoke of might have been a bit more than she bargained for!
Sensei, Suki; Geki Kawa Kyoushi; Ijiwaru na oni Kyoushi; Kiken na Hokeni; Onna Kyoushi no Ikenai Koi; Sensei; Suki.; 先生、スキ。; 老師，我愛你。
Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Slice of Life
32
1
9
December 18, 2023
From Chibi Manga:
Please, teach me about things we can't do !
#1. Ijiwaru na oni Kyoushi...a pretentious and cruel teacher give her private lessons after school?!
#2. Geki Kawa Kyoushi…a morose girl with glasses and a handsome teacher = don't tell me it'll have some alchemy between those two?!
#3. Kiken na Hokeni …A kind and gentleman teacher is in fact not what he seems to be...!!
#4. Onna Kyoushi no Ikenai Koi…Though she's dreaming about an adult and handsome man, she'll become close to a high school boy...?!
Watashi No… Megane-Kun ; My Boy with Glasses; My Glasses Boy; My Glasses Guy; 我的眼鏡情人; 私の…メガネ君 ; Watashi no... Megane-kun
Drama, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Sports
53
1
8
December 18, 2023
Love can be obsessive. Like wanting to rip the wings off a butterfly.
Chouko has been in love with Taichiro for a long time. Taichiro and Chouko have known each other since childhood. At one point, Taichiro became very candid and told Chouko that he hated her so much that he wanted to kill her. Even so, Chouko's desire toward him never really changed. One day, a senior in her athletics club confessed to her. Filled with burning jealousy, Taichiro also confessed to Chouko. Their insecure, but very obsessive love begins.
An extra can be found inside of Yoru Koi.
Comedy, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Slice of Life, Supernatural
29
1
11
December 18, 2023
From [url=http://aoc-translations.tumblr.com]AOC Translations![/url]:
Sasakura Hakka, 14 years old.
One day, when I got home a strange creature in a Kigurumi suit, Ginger, was standing there!
It seems like Hakka has been chosen to rise with her comrades as, Guardians, to protect this world from the evil invaders of a different dimension, but...
The Kigurumi suited creatures have suddenly transformed into gorgeous male eye candies!? A heart-pounding, action packed Kigurumi Adventure!!
From LuffyNoTomo:
Hakka is a normal girl who's life gets turned around when an invader comes from another planet and large stuffed animals have come to protect the world from invasion. She, among others are chosen to be the guardians and team up with these stuffed animals to save the world! One strange thing other than them being stuffed animals, is that when the guardian and stuffed animal kiss - the stuffed animal turns into a handsome man!
From Yen Press: Poor, in debt, and living on instant noodles, high school kendo instructor Kojiro makes a bet with an old friend on a practice meet between the all-girls’ teams of their respective schools. The prize: a year’s worth of free sushi! It’s too good for the desperate Kojiro to pass up! But with only one active member on the kendo team, Korjio must move quickly to put together a squad before the meet. He’s got his eye on Tamaki, the daughter of a kendo master and a skilled swordswoman herself. The only trouble is…she’s not interested. Kojiro’s willing to try anything, but what will it take to win her over?
Aşk Falan Başlamayacak; Koinanka Hajimaranai; 恋なんかはじまらない; 恋爱起跑线; 戀情起跑線
Drama, Romance, School Life, Shoujo
21
1
3
December 18, 2023
Due to job transfers, Makoto has no choice but to stay at the home of her father's friend for the time being. But there lives a boy who makes her boiling mad!? Turns out he's the king of popularity at school, but he's a prankster who likes to mess with Makoto, and even recently dumped one of Makoto's good friends! How is Makoto supposed to handle this obnoxious brat!?
Come & Wild Vanilla; Come and Wild Vanilla; かむかむバニラ！; 妹子不只从天降
Comedy, Drama, Ecchi, Harem, Romance, School Life, Seinen, Slice of Life, Supernatural
24
1
8
December 18, 2023
Regular high school boy Kaji Rikuo’s life is suddenly interrupted by a cute girl with cat ears named Vanilla. According to Vanilla, she was created from different mixtures of animals sort of like a chimera by her master, Ibu Kiriko, whom apparently has it out for Rikuo. Confused as to why somebody would want revenge on him, Rikuo become friends with the clueless and cute Vanilla. However, Vanilla can turn into a vicious animal able to hurt Rikuo with a simple command from Kiriko…
From Selene Scans:
Hibiki and her friends are approaching their last year in high school, and while they both have many crushes Hibiki sticks with one. In the middle of her junior year she falls in love with one of her teachers and learns that love seems more difficult for adults than for someone her age. After learning that her teacher has feelings for her as well, they start to get more into their relationship.
Side story in volume 1: Tomodachi Nante Iwanaide
夜まで待てない。 ; 等不到夜晚 ; Can't wait until night ; Wait till the night ; Hindi ako makakapaghintay hanggang gabi
Comedy, Drama, Romance, School Life, Shoujo
33
1
7
December 18, 2023
From Shoujomagic:
Haruka is a sweet, innocent high school girl who is very excited to meet her new step-brother, Tsukasa. Since her father works overseas, Haruka has been living alone, but now that her father has remarried, she'll have little grade schooler Tsukasa with her while both their parents are out of the country. When they finally meet, Tsukasa is even cuter than Haruka had hoped! He wants to get her help with his homework and sleep in her bed...and undress her and make love to her!?
Aoi" ; Hikaru ga Chikyuu ni Itakoro...... ; When Hikaru was on the earth ; : Hikaru ga Chikyuu ni Itakoro...... ; Aoi Hikaru ga Chikyuu ni Itakoro...... ; “葵" ヒカルが地球にいたころ…… ; “葵” 光还在地球的时候……
Drama, Romance, School Life, Shounen, Supernatural, Tragedy
34
1
3
December 18, 2023
The story starts with the death of Hikaru Mikado. That guy was a natural charmer, a “harem king”, but had no real male friends. After he died, he became a ghost, a soul, but Koremitsu Akagi can see him. Koremitsu though, isn’t really like Hikaru. His red hair and his evil-looking eyes make him look as a delinquent, even though he is very kind inside. Hikaru asks him a favour: he wants to fulfill a promise, which he couldn't fulfill anymore. The promise was to give his girlfriend and fiancée, Aoi Saotome, 7 gifts for her seventeenth birthday. Koremitsu accepts, and has to work hard to help fulfill Hikaru’s promise with Aoi.
Kono Kanojo wa Fiction desu.; Hayali Kız Arkadaş; Iki Mbakyu ne Ora Nyoto; KonoKano; This Girlfriend is Fiction; Zin Anere len Fizion; この彼女はフィクションです。; 我的虚拟女友
Action, Comedy, Drama, Ecchi, Romance, School Life, Shounen, Slice of Life, Supernatural
54
1
3
December 18, 2023
Lead character is a naive boy who's fallen in love with an older girl who everyone considers a genius writer. He's so in love in fact, that he has forgotten about his secret hobby for the last 2 months. His secret hobby is that for the past 10 years he has been writing the "character profile" of a single girl. Her birthdate, personality, hobbies, conversations, etc.... is all recorded in a large pile of notebooks. All this time this fictional girl has been his friend and lover, but now that he is in love with a real girl he decided to throw them all away. In order to "purify" the notebooks, he decided to burn them at a nearby shrine. To his surprise, the senpai he's in love with was also there. It starts to rain and as they talk the girl confesses she's having trouble writing her novel due to inexperience. As the storm gets even stronger, the lead character believes that since she confessed her "weakness" to him it is ok for him to show her his own "secret". Filled with courage, the boy opens the bag where he brought all the notebooks... except that instead of notebooks, the bag now contains the girl (naked of course) he's been creating for the past 10 years!!
Drama, Harem, Mystery, School Life, Shoujo, Shounen Ai
27
1
4
December 18, 2023
Itou Keita is a boy with no remarkable talents beyond his better-than-average luck, until one day he receives an acceptance letter out of the blue inviting him to attend the prestigious all-boys academy, Bell Liberty School (BL School). Why has he been admitted to this amazing academy, and how can he possibly live up to the expectations of whoever let him in? As he settles in to his new life, Keita is sure to find companionship in his rather eclectic cast of schoolmates.
他致力玫瑰 ; 彼はばらに捧げられる ; 그놈에게 바치는 장미 ; He's Dedicated to Roses ; Hoa Hồng Tặng Anh ; The Roses Offered to the Guy
Action, Comedy, Romance, School Life, Shoujo
55
1
6
December 18, 2023
"If you were a girl, we would never have met."
"Well- to...to be honest with you- I AM a girl-"
Plain as a girl, but HOT as a guy.
Choi Ida wants no more then to relieve her stress and anger when she is off work as her alternate male identity Choi Yodah. Her job? A slave to the popular rich girl, Mimi, at both school and home.
One day in the park, free from Mimi, she meets Kang Naru, who kisses her as Ida, not as Yodah).
Then, one day, Kang Naru meets and falls in love with Ida's alter ego, even though he thought 'he' was a boy!
But can Ida keep up both of her lives without getting caught?
バカとテストと召喚獣 ; 笨蛋测试召唤兽 ; Baka and Test - Summon the Beasts ; Baka to Test to Shokanjuu ; Baka to Test to Shoukanjuu ; Baka to Test to Shoukanjyuu ; BakaTest ; The Idiot, The Test, And The Summoned Beast ; Дурни, Тесты, Аватары! ; โรงเรียนป่วน ก๊วนคนบ๊อง
Action, Comedy, Romance, School Life, Shounen
56
1
3
December 18, 2023
Based on a popular light novel.
from Baka-Updates Manga:
The protagonist is a guy who is among the stupidest of the stupidest in the school. In this school, your grades can, under the supervision of teachers, take a virtual form to do combat! However, if you leave an examination half way, you get zero marks. A bright and cute girl, Mizuki Himeji, was having a high fever during the examination. Despite her potential to be the second highest scorer in the level, she obtained zero marks for having left due to her illness and is thus allocated to the worst class, class F.
Grades mean almost everything. For Class A, they have a smart-looking teacher, a plasma TV as big as the entire wall as their blackboard, personal laptops, personal air-cons, refrigerators, adjustable seats and all kinds of different appliances. Within the refrigerator, there are all kinds of drinks and snacks. Their ceiling is made of glass, the wall lets them put up high-class drawings and plants.
As for Class F, the worst class... They have Japanese desks and seat paddings. Their blackboard is dirty and there is no chalk even! Someone complains that the legs of his desk are broken, so the teacher asks, "Didn't we distribute some glue to stick wood together? Glue it back yourself later." Another one complains that wind is blowing in from the broken window. The teacher says, "I got it. I will apply for plastic bags and invisible glue to fix it later." There are spider webs everywhere, not a patch of the wall is clean. A unique moldy smell spreads across the entire room; it must be from the old tatamis used to tile the floor. This is the status of class F.
The protagonist feels displeased at such an arrangement, and seeks help from his friends to try to make a change through summoning war!! And they devise all kinds of plans to try to beat the famous class A, intending to get class A's classroom and equipment if they win!!
The Lotis Master; Алиса 19; อลิซ ALICE 19th; ありす１９th; 愛麗絲19歲; 爱丽丝19岁; 魔幻愛莉絲; 魔幻爱莉丝; 앨리스 19th
Comedy, Drama, Fantasy, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Supernatural
24
1
13
May 18, 2025
Alice Seno seems like a normal girl in high school. She's a bit shy, she's got a crush on a boy named Kyou, and she's got an older sister who is more popular than she is...pretty normal stuff, until Alice has an encounter with a mysterious and magical rabbit girl that changes the course of her life, and Alice is introduced to the sublime power of the Lotis Words.
April 10th. Yesterday was the last day of spring vacation, so starting this morning it was a school day. After being woken up by his cute little sister, Itsuka Shidou believed that it would be the start of another normal day. As for predicting the chance meeting with the girl who called herself a spirit...... Along with a sudden shockwave, the townscape vanished without a trace. In a corner of the street which had now become a crater, the girl was there. "�”You, have you come to kill me too?" She is the disaster that will destroy humanity, a monster of unknown origin, and a being rejected by the world. There are only two ways to stop this girl: annihilation, and conversation. His little sister Kotori, wrapped in a military uniform, thus said to Shidou: "Since it's like this, just go date her, and make the spirit fall for you!" "Wh.. whaaaaaaaat!?" Enter a new age of boy meets girl!!
Comedy, Ecchi, Fantasy, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Shounen, Supernatural
24
1
12
December 17, 2023
Roa Coatl is on a mission. He must find the descendant of Quetzalcoatl to make her his wife and continue his great race of dragons. However, with no knowledge about love and having no interest in women, will he be able to accomplish his task in human world?
I'm No Angel; Tenshi Nanka ja Nai; Je ne suis pas un Ange; Melek Falan Değilim; Non sono un Angelo; 圣学园天使; 天使なんかじゃない
Comedy, Drama, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Slice of Life
32
1
2
December 17, 2023
From Dragon Voice:
A rather humorous and light-hearted look at high school life as we follow the protagonist, Saejima Midori. Interesting manga with likable characters. Highly recommended!
Ai Tenshi Densetsu Wedingu Pīchi; Legend of the Angel of Love: Wedding Peach; ウエディングピーチ
Action, Adventure, Comedy, Fantasy, Romance, School Life, Shoujo
34
1
9
April 18, 2024
The more Wedding Peach and her friends Yuri and Hinakiku discover about their new-found magical powers, the more Rain DeVilla and her evil henchmen vow to destroy them. In the never-ending battle between love and hate, three young girls are the world's last line of defense against the onslaught of evil. The story follows Momoko Hanasaki, a junior high school girl who is in trouble between the Angel World and the Devil World. It all starts when Aphrodite tells Momoko that she is the legendary Love Angel Wedding Peach, and that she will take the place of her mother, Sakura, in finding and protecting the "Saint Something Four", after a devil named Pluie tries to steal Momoko's mother's ring. Now she must protect the sanctity of love from Reine Devila and her minions. Her friends, the other Love Angels, are Yuri Tanima (Angel Lily), Hinagiku Tamano (Angel Daisy), and Scarlet O'Hara (Angel Salvia). She also has Jama-P, who originally was a minion of Raindevila. Momoko is in love with Yousuke who is, unknowingly, a half-devil warrior of a tribe in the Devil World named Viento; Yousuke's father, coincidentally, is the one who sent Celestia (Sakura) and himself to Earth in the first place. Yuri is in love with Captain Yanagiba of the soccer team, otherwise known as the angel Limone. Whilst trying to live the lives of normal Japanese middle school students, the Love Angels must protect the world with love, or live in a world filled with nothing but hate.
Comedy, Drama, Romance, School Life, Shounen, Slice of Life
25
1
9
December 17, 2023
Yoshimatsu Hotaka is the president of the manga club and is always diligent with his school life and club activities, but even though he looks like a regular honor student in reality we have that there is something really odd with him; he has this bitter ~ heavy ~ melancholic look and is almost always looking at Awaya Niki, the beautiful, bright, radiant, super cheerful swimming club's female ace.Why does Hotaka act all bitter like that? And what will become of him as the sports teacher orders him to have at least "one secret swimming class lesson" where no one is supposed to be looking, whereas he normally skips class activities due to personal matters?
Comedy, Drama, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Slice of Life
45
1
14
December 17, 2023
From Tarot Cafe:
"Why is my life so messed up?!"
Haeun has a step brother who's a gang leader and she gets blamed for everything he does. When her brother makes it so that she is late for class, she has a strange encounter- the encounter that makes her a housemaid for the rest of the year. Haeun, who hasn't even had her first kiss yet, decides to take revenge. But when she finally kisses someone -and it isn't pleasant- what will happen?
Điên Vì Yêu; Go Crazy for Love; In Love with the Beat; Sarange Micheora; 사랑에 미쳐라
Action, Comedy, Drama, Romance, School Life, Shoujo
43
1
11
December 17, 2023
After a fight Han Se In finds street fighter Moon Ji Soo collapsed on the street. When she tries to help him he tells her to go away, Se In wants an apology but, Moon Ji Soon wont give one. She then slaps him and runs, Moon Ji Soon wants revenge...
From Serenus Dreamers: Asuka is a guy who has likings for girly things like shoujo manga, baking, and sewing. However, his mother forbids him being so and wants him to grow up manly. He starts learning kendo and karate and grows up to be stoic guy. But can he fight the urge of falling in love and hiding his real identity?
Kashiwara Mei has been feeling something strange lately... Just as she is trying to make sense of this strange feeling, a girl from their school, Kawabata Michiko jumps off the roof and commits suicide. Mei, who witnesses the incident, starts calling herself "Kawabata Michiko", and her clasmate Karaya Tatsuhiko is tangled in this mystery.
Is it a psychological problem, or a psychic phenomenon? A work that focuses on deep psychology.
Masaomi-kun ni Metoraremashita; I Got Married to Masaomi-kun; 正臣くんに娶られました。; 被正臣君所迎娶
Josei, Romance, School Life
143
1
56
June 27, 2024
Chika and Masaomi are childhood friends, both raised by single parents, and Chika would often spend time at Masaomi's house. When Chika's mother died in an accident, Chika would have to move away to live with distant relatives, leaving Masaomi and everything behind. Instead Masaomi proposed, "You should marry me. Husband and wife. For real."
"So that means..."
"Kissing, making love, everything. Can you?"
Chika's answer is...
Hot Spring God; Kami Sen.; Kamisen; かみせん。; 泉神大人; 狐狸神; 裸神温泉乡; 카미센
Action, Comedy, Ecchi, Harem, Mature, Romance, School Life, Shounen, Supernatural
28
1
14
December 16, 2023
Izumi Koutarou's family has been working at their hot spring resort for many generations. But it seems that the hot spring has dried out and the family began to have financial problems. The situation got so bad they were planning to skip town. As a last resort, they try to pray to their god, Konoha-sama, which was in legend sealed in their backyard. At first they thought that nothing will happen, but the next second, the seal broke and their god was free. But apparently, Konoha-sama lost her memories because of her long sleep, and thus, she doesn’t know what her power are or what kind of god is she. The only thing she is certain about is that she is somehow connected to Koutarou. And as reward she revives their hot spring, but soon Koutarou learns that she is the god of poverty and also has the worst luck. How is the resort or even Koutarou going to survive this?
Beyond the Blindfold; Land of the Blindfolded; Vương quốc của những dải băng bịt mắt; 当现在遇到未来; 當現在遇到未來; 目隠しの国
Comedy, Drama, Romance, School Life, Shoujo, Supernatural
22
1
4
December 16, 2023
Mekakushi no Kuni is the story of high school student Outsuka Kanade who can sometimes see a person's future with a touch, and transfer student Naitou Arou, whose ESP is limited to past events. When Kanade glimpses an unfortunate incident coming, can she change it? She soon befriends Arou, who's no novice. While Kanade’s power is limited to the near future and is somewhat incontrollable, Arou’s is permanent and he can even use it to see an object’s “memories”. Are these teenaged seers of the past and future made for each other? And who's right: Arou with his "hands off" policy about meddling in people's lives, or Kanade whose more proactive stance has already had unhappy consequences?
